What materials are needed for a lithium ion battery (LIB)?

Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) require four key materials: namely, lithium, cobalt, nickel, and graphite. Understanding their global value chains is vital due to their global dispersal and anticipated demand growth, which presents sourcing challenges.

What materials are used in battery manufacturing?

Raw materials are the starting point of the battery manufacturing process and hence the starting point of analytical testing. The main properties of interest include chemical composition, purity and physical properties of the materials such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, lead, graphite and various additives.

What materials are used in traction batteries?

detailed data on raw materials per traction battery type are available in the data viewer. Here, the waste generated can be investigated for each indivi dual material. More information on the number of xEVs is available on the Eurostat website. oxide (LMO) and lithium–iron phosphate (LFP). A fi fth chemistry on the horizon is lithium–titanate

Are alternative batteries based on non-critical materials?

Indeed, battery manufacturers require a safe and reliable supply of several raw materials, such as lithium, cobalt and nickel, that are not largely available in Europe . For these reasons, the SET-Plan is pushing towards the development of alternative batteries based on non-critical materials like sodium.

What are battery slurries made of?

Most battery electrodes consist of electroactive materials coated on the current collector. To coat this active material, the powders are transformed into slurries by mixing with suitable solvents. Battery slurries typically consist of the active materials, binders, conductive additives and solvents.

Is battery production a supply chain?

Framed as a supply chain, research on battery production also engages with potential geopolitical issues arising from bottlenecks in supply and import dependence around 'critical' raw materials [59,113, .