Can manganese dioxide be used as a cathode for Zn-ion batteries?

In recent years, manganese dioxide (MnO 2)-based materials have been extensively explored as cathodes for Zn-ion batteries. Based on the research experiences of our group in the field of aqueous zinc ion batteries and combining with the latest literature of system, we systematically summarize the research progress of Zn−MnO 2 batteries.

Are alkaline zinc–manganese oxide (Zn–MNO) batteries a viable alternative to grid-Stor?

Ideally, it should have a cost under $100/kWh, energy density over 250 Wh/L, lifetime over 500 cycles, and discharge times on the order of 1–10 h. Considering some of these factors, alkaline zinc–manganese oxide (Zn–MnO 2) batteries are a potentially attractive alternative to established grid-storage battery technologies.

Are Zn-MNO 2 batteries alkaline or acidic?

We emphasize that the focus of our review is on alkaline Zn–MnO 2 batteries rather than Zn–MnO 2 batteries with near-neutral or mildly acidic electrolytes (“zinc-ion batteries”), which are already covered extensively in other recent reviews [, , , , , , ].

Are secondary Zn–MNO 2 batteries a viable alternative to primary alkaline batteries?

Here, secondary Zn–MnO 2 batteries are highlighted as a promising extension of ubiquitous primary alkaline batteries, offering a safe, environmentally friendly chemistry in a scalable and practical energy dense technology.

Are rechargeable aqueous zinc-based batteries safe?

Rechargeable aqueous zinc-based (Zn-based) batteries have recently garnered considerable attention due to their safety, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. Aqueous Zn||MnO 2 batteries, in particular, have been extensively studied since the early 1860s .

How much energy does a Rechargeable Zn/MNO 2 battery produce?

Such performance is comparable to that of commercial alkaline batteries. Although similar energy densities have been reported for rechargeable Zn/MnO 2 batteries in the literature (180–260 Wh/kg), 54,55 they mainly referred to laboratory tests cells or prototypes characterized by their complexity and costly assembling routes (see Figure S11.2).