What are the different types of thin-film batteries?

There are four main thin-film battery technologies targeting micro-electronic applications and competing for their markets: ① printed batteries, ② ceramic batteries, ③ lithium polymer batteries, and ④ nickel metal hydride (NiMH) button batteries. 3.1. Printed batteries

Are printed batteries suitable for thin-film applications?

In the literature, printed batteries are always associated with thin-film applications that have energy requirements below 1 A·h. These include micro-devices with a footprint of less than 1 cm 2 and typical power demand in the microwatt to milliwatt range (Table 1) , , , , , , , .

When were thin film batteries invented?

Sator reported the first thin film cell in 1952 ; it featured a lead chloride electrolyte deposited by vacuum evaporation. Then, the first Li-ion thin film batteries (AgI||LiI||Li) were reported in 1969 . Over the next 20 years, the primary focus of research was on enhancing the performance of SSEs and electrode materials.

What is the electrochemical performance of thin-film printed batteries?

The electrochemical performance of thin-film printed batteries depends on the chemistry. The zinc–manganese chemistry is essentially applied in single-use applications, although some companies, including Imprint Energy and Printed Energy, are developing rechargeable zinc–manganese printed batteries.

What should a thin-film battery look like?

They also should have a relatively smooth surface. Each component of the thin-film batteries, current collector, cathode, anode, and electrolyte is deposited from the vapor phase. A final protective film is needed to prevent the Li-metal from reacting with air when the batteries are exposed to the environment.

How can thin-film batteries be coated?

For thin-film battery systems, surface coatings are a simple and effective method. Introducing coating materials onto the surface of Ni-rich layered oxides avoids direct contact with the electrolyte, thus minimizing the parasitic reactions. It also sets a kinetic barrier to O 2 evolution.